Kartini and other Indonesian Heroines

Photo from Kompas.com

Kartini's name slots so neatly into W.R. Supratman’s lyrics, “Ibu Kita Kartini,” you’d think the song was composed with her in mind. Her contribution to Indonesian women’s emancipation is so fragrant it perfumes the national memory — and one fragrant by‑product is the very freedom I have to write these words. Celebrating Kartini each year is well deserved, but doing so needn’t blind us to other heroines whose stories remain stubbornly hushed.

What’s often overlooked is that Kartini is Exhibit A for a simple truth: a woman’s access to knowledge and renown depends heavily on location, culture and class. Fortunately, Kartini used her privilege with admirable purpose.

Because of her position, it’s not fanciful to say she was, in part, a figure “made” by the Dutch. Her readiness to criticise was shaped, to some degree, by Dutch education she could access as an aristocrat.

At the time the Netherlands pursued an “ethical policy” — in plain terms, a politics of owing favours. The message became: Indonesian women who wished to progress must embrace Dutch education and the modes of thought it taught.

Through her letters, Kartini documented the oppression she endured in a rigidly patriarchal, feudal world. Her ideas were revolutionary, yet she never quite had the chance (or perhaps she held back) to realise them fully. A critic of polygamy, she was nonetheless compelled to become the fourth wife of the Regent of Rembang.

Still, Kartini rightly ranks among Indonesia’s national heroes.

Regrettably, her commemoration is often reduced by commercial interests to marketing slogans and shopping sprees.

So let us ask: why only Kartini Day? Why not an Indonesian Heroines Day?

That would prompt other names to rise into view.

1. In Aceh stood Cut Nyak Dien — a war commander whose slippery tactics baffled the Dutch.

2. Rahmah el Yunusiyah of West Sumatra founded schools for girls and refused Dutch subsidies to avoid colonial influence; Minangkabau has long produced female educators who rejected colonial aid.

3. Dewi Sartika in West Java established girls’ schools that taught equality.

4. How many realise that Rasuna Said — whose name graces a major thoroughfare — was a fiery emancipation activist who fiercely condemned injustice?

5. Keumalahayati, an Acehnese naval commander, led some 2,000 Inong Balee (war widows) in attacks on Dutch ships and forts in 1599; she is said to have slain Cornelis de Houtman in single combat.

Do add other names you recall — I’d love to hear them.

Kartini, as in her book "Duisternis tot Licht", was indeed a light after darkness.

But who else carried that light? Don’t they deserve celebration, too?

21 April is not a public holiday, yet the revelry persists: traditional dress, competitions — amusingly, or cringeworthy, many involve cooking in high heels — cheered in towns and schools alike.

To a point, darkness has yielded to light.

Which means today we have an opportunity. Even if we don kebaya and join the festivities, we can use the moment to share the stories of other heroines.

Today we have a new story to tell our children, girls and boys alike.

Today and tomorrow we are better placed to use that light as a lantern to illuminate the struggles of other women.

Thank you for the fight, Kartini. We’ll take the torch from here.

On 21 April 2026, yours truly would like to add:

Here’s to the young girls torn from their families by Dai Nippon (1942-1945) — harried, violated and cast away on Buru Island; some never found their way home.

(Ref: Perawan Remaja Dalam Cengkeraman Militer)

(The Indonesian version can be read here:here)